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Active Expert: Gale Bernhardt

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How Young is too Young? How Long is too Long?

It is no secret I love endurance sports. I try to recruit people into an endurance event, any event, that is 30 minutes or longer. I must admit, however, that I am cautious about recruiting kids for long distance events.

On occasion I'm asked to talk to junior high and high school kids about endurance sports. I talk about the dedication and mental toughness it takes to be an Olympian. I tell them that being active in sport helps teach valuable lessons about goal setting, winning, losing, dedication, patience, just loving sport and other lessons I've learned along the way.

I don't have kids, so I can't speak from the perspective of a parent. I would think most endurance junkies (EJs) are thrilled when their kids show interest in endurance sports. I would guess most EJ-parents constantly reinforce the kids with positive remarks about running, swimming, riding or the other EJ sport of choice. The kids get attention and love related to sport, and associate parental acceptance with sport, I suspect.

I did encourage my niece and nephew to participate in sports. It didn't really matter to me which sport it was, but I did encourage them to play sports. I attended as many games as I possibly could. Yes, I gave them attention when they played sports.

If I had kids, I suspect I would encourage them to swim, bike and run. Would I encourage my 11-year-old to do a century ride? How about a 50-mile run? How about an ironman-distance triathlon?

What if the child really, really, really wanted to do it. (Forget that they really, really wanted to eat an entire chocolate cake for dinner two days ago and that rational decision making for an 11-year-old person is often not rational.) Would I let my child, encourage my child, to participate in the long distance sports?

I don't think so. Too young, in my opinion. I would have concerns with burning the kid out on endurance sports at a young age. I'd be concerned about growth plates and over-use injury. I'd be concerned that the child would be so busy "training" that they would miss the social aspects of being a kid and end up the Michael Jackson of endurance sports.

Well then, how about when the kid turns 12? 13? 14? 15? 16? When?

How young is too young to do a century ride? How about a 50-mile run? How about an ironman-distance triathlon?

Do you think there are parents out there that push a child to do long distance events for the wrong reasons? Do you think there are event directors that would support allowing children do long distance events so a new world record could occur at their event? Or, do all parents, race directors and other support people have only the best intentions at heart for the child?

Parents, coaches that specialize in youth sports, endurance junkies-what do you think? How young is too young? How long is too long?



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Jan 10, 2008 12:28 PM Reply Click to view GadgetBottle.com's profile GadgetBottle.com

Hi Gale, I have two kids 7 (2cd grade) and 10 (4th grade) My seven year old is much faster and can last longer running the track at school then almost everyone in the 1st, 2cd and 3rd grade. My 4th grader is not a runner but she can swim like a dolphin. I am fortunate that each of my kids has something they are really good at. I do my best so they do not burn out. However by 11 and beyond, some kids really get going and it is the responsibility of the parent(s) to gage things. Check out a 12-13 year old soccer match, it is very competitive. A parent needs to advise kids to not get hurt, that way by the time they are in high school all their joints are working. Since I am 45 and most of my friends can not particiapte in things because they have old injuries, I thank my parents for teaching me to protect my knees, shoulders, elbows and everything else. Steve Lach www.gadgetbottle.com

Jan 10, 2008 3:32 PM Reply Click to view Active Toby's profile Active Toby

We had a rule growing up, that I wasn't allowed to begin weight lifting until I was 16. This was enforced by my parents and in the meantime, I grew to 6'1". I know lots of folks from my cohort that began to early and stunted their growth. I'm glad they knew better. That's of course, in regards to strength training. I was also a competitive swimmer from age 6 to 14. We practiced most nights and traveled for meets on the weekend. This burned me out. I never wanted to swim again until this year. I also remember giving up on baseball because I was "pushed" to practice pitching, like a chore. When given the option of trying a different spring sport at my new school, I walked away from the years of practice, summer camps and the batting cage and pitching machine that my father purchased and constructed in our backyard. I revolted. Not because I didn't like the sport--I had a blast being out there with my friends and improving year-to-year. Why did I quit? For my independence? I was 14 and had something to prove. I still don't have an answer after all of these years... the potential I had makes me sick, so I just try to forget about it. The one thing that is for sure is that I was ingrained with a work ethic from a very early age which still shines through and has compounded over the years through my schooling, my job and my current athletic endeavors. So much can be learned about oneself through being physically active so starting at an early age can definitely have its benefits because of the lasting results... just be careful

Jan 11, 2008 7:05 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: GadgetBottle.com

Steve ~

To be sure I understand you, I read that your opinion is that it is healthy and safe for a 12-year-old person to train for and compete in ironman-distance events and 50-mile running races (I'm removing century rides because the time to complete a century is much less that iron-distance and 50-mile runs). You would encourage your kids to do these kinds of events. Yes?

BTW - I am not saying that kids should not be competitive or learn about competition. (Your soccer match example.)

Jan 11, 2008 7:09 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Active Toby

Toby ~

I'm trying to understand what you are saying - "just be careful". Boiled down are you saying the same thing as Steve?

"I believe it is healthy and there is nothing dangerous for long-term health about a 12-year-old person training for and competing in ironman events and 50-mile runs as long as the kid/parents are careful."

Jan 11, 2008 7:54 AM Reply Click to view Active Toby's profile Active Toby in response to: Gale Bernhardt

I don't think its healthy. I just don't see how a body going through that many changes, both physically and emotionally, could possibly benefit from such a high volume of training and competition.

Jan 11, 2008 8:57 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Active Toby

Ah, then back to the original question - when? When do you think it is healthy and safe to have a young person do ironman distance events or 50-mile runs?

Jan 11, 2008 12:54 PM Reply Click to view Active Toby's profile Active Toby in response to: Gale Bernhardt

Children 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 certainly have a right to be involved in these sports and activities to a degree. As far as competitive training for these long and serious events, I think they should hold off to coincide with the maturation of growth plates which, according to the age-old myth, is around 16 years old. What do you think Gale? Steve?

Jan 11, 2008 1:54 PM Reply Guest Karen

There is a reason NA Sports puts a restriction on age. You are not allowed to participate in an Ironman sanctioned race until 18 years old. Some kids/teens may think they are ready, but really. I would be very surprised to find enough teens that would be that dedicated. They may just want to finish, as most of us do, but what about all the complications??? I'm sure NA Sports would raise all their fees, as insurance for the event would go up to cover more, and younger individuals. Some things in life are a blessing. I was not introduced to endurance events until my mid 20s. I think if kids/teens want to do these endurance events, they should wait their turn. You can't vote until your 18, so they can wait for this. I think one of the biggest problems with kids/teens today, is that parents let them do anything and give them everything. Set boundaries, let them mature. Teach them they can't have everything they want. Teach them to wait and the reward will be sweeter. Plus, if they can handle waiting a few years, they may be able to participate later in life as well. Or, they may find other interests and laugh that they ever thought about doing an endurance event. Let 'em train all they want, and when there time comes, then they will be prepared. Until then, wait your turn!

Jan 11, 2008 3:30 PM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Karen

Karen and Toby ~

Disclaimer: I am not an expert in youth sports.

Yes, I was thinking Ironman North America (the company for "official" Ironman races) had a minimum age of 18. I couldn't find it listed on a website anywhere. The minimum age for Boston is 18 (in one of the links listed below). This does not cover the iron-distance races that are not associated with Ironman or the famous M-dot.

I have not found a specific policy on the USAT site regarding age limits for ironman distance races. I did not find anything on the ITU site regarding long-distance age limits. (Maybe somebody can help me out here.

Although there is some variation in the stages of development for males, females and individuals within that group, human development is mostly complete by age 18. One of the sources referenced below notes that a full 50% of injuries to kids can be prevented - by responsible adults.

My personal opinion is that children, youth, juniors under the age of 18 should be restricted to Olympic distance racing on the tri-side and half-marathons on the running side. Until then, like Karen in her well-written response says, wait.

There should likely be further restrictions to sprint distances and 10ks for kids under another, younger, age. Haven't thought this through yet.

Also, the Devil's Advocate has been knocking on my door all afternoon telling me there are parents pushing young kids to do long-distance events so they can have their name and their kid's name in some sort of record book. There are also media-driven race directors not associated with IMNA that are looking to promote their race and allowing kids to participate is certainly a way to do it.

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00040
http://www.apma.org/s_apma/doc.asp?CID=147&DID=9361
http://books.google.com/books?id=T-s3OAZdlhsC&pg=RA6-PA379&lpg=RA6-PA379&dq=growth+plates+and+endurance+sports&source=web&ots=ZzhJj39qN2&sig=13wrx-lvHoKLV-I6JK3H1ohE2Do

Jan 11, 2008 4:34 PM Reply Guest Karen in response to: Gale Bernhardt

I don't think you can find the age requirement on an Ironman site until you register through active.com. Unfortunately, you can only look it up when registration is open, and most fill up within minutes-days. As far as other iron-distance races, I know the Silverman Tri in Nevada has an age group for 16-19 year olds.

As far as other distances, I agree with Gale. There should be restrictions on ages and distances allowed. If parents and the media-driven race directors are striving to have themselves or races recognized, I think there are better ways to go about it. Parents, don't try to live through your kids. Race directors, if you put on a good race, you will develop a good reputation for the right reasons, and your races will grow.

Personally, I think the best way for kids/teens to be involved with any endurance event with an age requirement, is through volunteering. We've all seen the young ones out there helping. Without them, and all volunteers for that matter, we would all struggle to finish. And when I am old and nursing "old" injuries that allow me to not compete, I will be out there volunteering and encouraging those whose time has come.

Jan 13, 2008 8:48 AM Reply Guest Allegra in response to: Karen

How about taking the competition out of it? What about approaching any sport with an attitude that if your kid wants to do it, you provide adequate training gear, prorgram of exercise, and unconditional emotional/team support, even if your kid does really poorly at it, but loves it? I agree that there are very few kids or teens that are able to participate in endurance sports, but I do feel that for those who have the maturity and ability, they should be offered the chance to do it.

More importantly, I'd like to ask about forgetting about skill level, and focusing on the love of the sport in a safe environment (both physically and emotionally). I suck at triathlons, I suck at biking, I excel at swimming and international ballroom dancing. I'm ok at running, but not at very high speeds. I'm hoping that I'll be able to provide a positive climate for my kids to try everything and find out what they love best, providing them with a healthy lifestyle for the longterm as they get old enough to participate. Perhaps our focus in sports should include more of a mind/body focus, rather than purely on skill-levels.

Jan 13, 2008 7:03 PM Reply Guest Sarita in response to: Allegra

Im running a marathon in two weeks!
Sara, 17, FL

Jan 14, 2008 10:28 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Sarita

Hey Sara ~

Best wishes to you on your run. I hope you have stayed injury-free in the training process and I hope you are one of the individuals that have matured early so there are no long-term downsides to your marathon running.

My concern is not that it is not possible for someone under 18 to run a marathon, rather is it healthy for them both short term and long term?

Best to you ~

Jan 14, 2008 10:36 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Allegra

Allegra ~

Are you saying you believe it is healthy and safe, now and in the long term, for a 12-year-old person to train for and complete the long distance races talked about in this thread, as long as they have the ability and maturity level?

For me, I do worry about skills - those being the skills to do the sport correctly and to train correctly. If you mean skill as how well the athlete places, I think it should be de-emphasized. That said, I think at some point it is important to learn that not everyone is a "winner" every time, because it applies to life skills. When there are job interviews for one position - there is a winner. The fine qualities it takes to be a "winner" in life are important to teach as well. Too much to cover here, but doing your best, continuous improvment, etc.

Jan 17, 2008 11:24 AM Reply Guest Jay Silvio

Since I live in Maryland, the topic obviously reminds me of this:
http://community.active.com/thread/40346?tstart=0

MacKenzie Riford, a 13-year old from Hagerstown who used the Frederick Marathon as a training run on her quest to complete the JFK 50 Miler.

Jan 17, 2008 12:02 PM Reply Guest Ken

All good comments. One thing to note though, for many sports, people reach peak fitness and race conditioning in their mid to late 20's. Maybe not so much for "true" endurance sports, but I think the article started out with 30 minutes or longer. My son competes in mountain biking. The top national atheletes are in their mide to late 20's. If you waited until 18-20 years old, you just won't be able to compete - unless your natural talent is just incredible. You need to start younger. But the sport is actually designed to deal with young riders. When you first start out you're a "beginner", which usually means races that take maybe 30-60 minutes, which I think is very realistic and doable for anyone 10 years of age and older. Then as you advance in skill and category, the races get longer. I think for young atheletes, the risk is more about burn-out. I see some parents really pushing those kids, they are putting in the hours those 20 year old pros are putting in, most burn out and quit. Like someone mentioned, you have to let them be kids, and training 2-5 hours per day just doesn't allow that! For my son, just ready to turn 16, he's doing about 2/3 the number of hours an adult would be doing trying to compete at the same level. This is still quite a few hours. We encourage him to try and stick with his plan, but if he says he just wants a break, we don't push it and he does what he wants. Then we made sure he had some months between season, no biking unless he wanted to go ride with his friends, and just doing what he wanted. But we encouraged him to remain active and he did. Once you get a habit of all that exercise, it's weird to totally stop, but if you can do what you want it's not like you're on a training plan. As he gets older, he'll need to be more disciplined and doing more hours. But hopefully by then he'll be more mature and know what he wants to do. We just need to keep him interested and having fun, then if he wants to be competitive he can be. That's the main reason we haven't gotten him a coach yet. The team he's on is saying he needs a coach, but I'm afraid it's to soon and to serious at this time. Maybe next year, when he's about to turn 17, if he's still serious, then a coach might be the next step. I think we should be patient, give the kids time and the chance to go at their own pace, and provide opportunities as they grow up - in age and skill! I do know I've seen several very good, nationally competitive youth atheletes just drop out. If they quit before they really get a chance, we all miss out.

Ken

Jan 17, 2008 2:20 PM Reply Guest Radek

Great question! I finished my first ever triathlon 15years ago... I finished my first ever Ironman this year (9:12h). I am 30. I was swimming national record holder when 10years old... we had to have trained 3-5hours/ day (in special school system) as young kids, we had to have swim over 600miles/year.... Is it too much? too early? My best swim team friend lived about 120miles far a way, when I turned 13 I asked my parent for permition go for such a long bike ride on my own and visit him during summer time... My parents decided I can do it but in 2 days (which ment to stop in our other friends home at half point and continue next day - wasnt happy, but it was good call). It was not a deal just finish the distance for me... but it was a deal for my parents! I finished my 1st triathlon when turned 15... My opinion you can start working hard as swimmer, gymnast when younger age, but not in Endurance Sports such as Triathlon, Marathon, Cross Country Skiiing.. You have to be just playing and enjoying the racing in such an true endurace challenges. Check what is the average age of Hawaii MEN's and WOMEN field today! They did not allow us to race in olympic distance triathlons in Czech Triathlon Series untill 18years old... we were allowed to race only in sprints! Your body is not ready for 2+ hours raceing when 14,15,16years old... what would you do in next 15years?
Stay patient and you see the results in the future for sure in "our" sport - triathlon.

Jan 17, 2008 5:00 PM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Radek

Jay, Ken, Radek ~

All good comment, thanks.

Gale

Jan 17, 2008 6:16 PM Reply Guest annyon

a general rule for running is only racing for and training for a distance as far as you are old. so wait until youre 13 to do a half marathon until youre at 18, move onto the marathon and after you have fully stopped growing to do an ultra/ironman.
if a 12 yr old trains for a marathon, with the high mileage in the training/race kids can get stress fractures in their feet and mess up their running for ever.

Jan 17, 2008 6:31 PM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Jay Silvio

Jay ~

I will admit I've received a handful of messages about this girl off-line, none have been supportive. I guess we will have to watch and see what happens to her in 5, then 10 years.

What influence do you suppose people knocking at her door offering scholarships, money, fame in Runner's World has on her and her family? I think it's a tough situation.

Jan 18, 2008 11:09 AM Reply Guest coachBoris

Hello Gale,

I am glad to see a good dialog on youth in the sport of triathlon. I am a USAT certified coach focused on coaching our youth. I truly believe training for our youth has to be age appropriate and closely monitored to prevent injuries. When I talk about injuries that's physically and psychologically. I find that parents sometimes push the kids too hard, this can occur from too much training too soon with no recovery or from giving them a watered down adult workout. This is especially true if the parent is an endurance athlete. The other part of this is kids comparing themselves to their peers, kid mature at different rates and should focus on their self improvement and not how there stack up with their peers.

Great dialog. Let's keep kids safe and enjoying the sport.

Regards, Coach Boris

Jan 18, 2008 2:45 PM Reply Guest Rachel in response to: coachBoris

This is really interesting to read!! I am currently 17 years old, have completed 3 marathons ( will be 4 before I'm 18) and am also training for an Ironman AZ. I have been the same height since I was 12, and was verified a few years ago, that I am done growing. My parents encourage me to be the best I can be at running and triathlon. I take many precautions, and have yet to be injured.

Jan 18, 2008 4:48 PM Reply Click to view cacavolante2's profile cacavolante2

While beginning a routine of indivudual athleticism young can benefit one for the rest of their life, competing at a young age is not exactly the smart route to go. When children are that young, even sometimes through high school, they are still growing physically and mentally. Doing a super-distance event puts huge amounts of strain on muscles and tissues which can lead to very long lasting injuries; I know this firsthand. Children are also developing mentally and, in my opinion, need to be able to explore their options in sports and other activities. Most distance, endurance sports require huge, HUGE amounts of time that sometimes leaves very little for anything else one may want to do.

Jan 21, 2008 6:55 AM Reply Guest Max

A wee bit disturbing to have an "expert" openly muse about an 11 year old child running 50 miles (a double marathon) or an IM Triathlon. Disturbing and sad. I'd substitute "endurance junkie" for endurance "OCD".

Maturation growth plates and competition aside, perhaps the question is "Why would a child WANT to do this?" Or, heaven forbid, a parent support and encourage such activity. This would take the discussion away from healthy physical activity into the realm of unhealthy mental issues as well as irresponsible and incompetent parenting.

Perhaps it is best that some adults don't become parents.

Jan 21, 2008 8:10 AM Reply Guest Kelly

I think one only need look at some of our more structured sports for kids (soccer, for instance) in that different age groups play on different sized fields for different lengths of time, all moving upwards as they get older.

I'm in agreement with the fact that under 16 should be restricted to Olympic distances (or less...I really like the Tri-Kids series lengths and staggerings) and to 10k's. Anything more than that is too much pounding on a growing skeletal system.

As there are age restrictions on driving, smoking, drinking etc, there should also be on endurance sports especially considering we are just now starting to see the effects on the body of doing 20+ IM's (read Scott Tinley's "I can't run" column in this month's Triathlete) where as we already know the effects of the aforementioned.

Jan 21, 2008 9:03 AM Reply Guest Yeldarbmc

As an active parrent as well as Ironman and marathoner, I think 10k's are about as far as a pre-teen (under 14) should take it. Half marathons/marathons are ok once a teenager (15-18) has been running for a period of time (3-4 months) consistantly, however, there are always exceptions.

I don't want either of my two children getting into endurance events until they hit that magical post growth, post hormonal stage of their life. The human body is a great machine IF it is broken in properly. We must allow our children to make their own physical activity choices, but we do owe it to them to let them be kids first and then only after they show the ability, to become athletes when they are physically and emotionally ready.

Jan 21, 2008 9:43 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Max

I used the 11-year-old because it's coming. Timely to this discussion, just over the weekend I read a column about a 13-year-old having the goal to be the youngest person to complete an Ironman race. Because Ironman, the trademarked Ironman, company would now allow it, the child and his family sought out someone that would allow it. It can be argued where goals like that have their seeds, but soon there will be a seed for a 12-year-old, then 11, then?

Jan 21, 2008 9:46 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Kelly

I think it is an important point that some of the profound effects of endurance on the body are not realized until later in life. Good comments.

Jan 21, 2008 9:50 AM Reply Click to view Jesse@Active's profile Jesse@Active in response to: Max

Disturbing how, Max? By creating a dialogue and engaging both parents and young athletes to share opinions and their own experiences? Instead of generalizing endurance athletes, perhaps it's appropriate to look at the mess made by "well-meaning" parents of youth team sports. AAU basketball, travel soccer teams, tennis academies, personal coaches for gymnastics and ice skating, year-round swimmers or baseball players...not to mention the image of "Friday Night Lights" football parents -- they all contribute to a trend of youth-sports specialization and, ultimately, burning out.

As for why a child would WANT to do a long-distance race? Because the words "youngest champion ever" mean a lot of money and fame. And to hear that, you have to start somewhere, and you have to go long at some point. And just like in the list I mention above, there are going to be parents who encourage it. The goal is to make them see past the endorsement dollars and look at the developemental ramifications.

Jan 21, 2008 11:26 AM Reply Guest Guest

"It's coming" 11 - year old IM triathletes and double marathoners, seeing as a 13 year old wants to do so? Ah, no. But if irresponsible parents, seeking to live vicariously through thier children, or a misguided grab for "money and fame" attempt to go that route, then we hope responsible officials and child advocates will prevent that.

What next.... by that logical extension, then we should be here next year pondering 9 year old marathoners; 7 year old half-marathoners, 5 year old 10k races. Why, a toddler might just do a 5k race with a safe injection of a cycle of steroids!

Jesse, "disturbing" is an apt word. The last thing we need is more dialogue around this. Such dialogue merely plants seeds, condones it, makes it seem acceptable. That is, unless a person thinks its acceptable. And hey, think of all that fame and fortune, right?

And I was "generalizing about endurance athletes" - not at all! As both an endurance athlete AND a team sports athlete, I believe I was specific enough in condemning this line of thinking and practice. Full stop. However, I disagree with your clearly generalized view of youth team sports having a negative influence; in fact, many unique benefits are to be gained by youth participants in team sports that are exclusive to individual endurance events.

There's just no getting around the fact that some adults have a confused parental compass. These people need more capacity-building, more skills, more enlightening. As a parent of 4 children, I have one (ironically just 11 yrs old) who has the potential to be an elite runner. He won the school board district X-C championships as a first time competitor. He was up against seasoned soccer and hockey cross-trainers, and competitive, pure runners. As proud of him as I was, I would never take him on a 15 run or a 100k bike ride. Or set up a daily training regime for him. If I did, it would be time to take a good look in the mirror.

Jan 21, 2008 11:27 AM Reply Guest Max

Oops! Sorry, I forgot in my passionate haste. I'll own the previous post.
Max

Jan 21, 2008 11:38 AM Reply Click to view Gale Bernhardt's profile Gale Bernhardt in response to: Guest

Hey Max, thanks for owning the passionate post.

Your comment, ""It's coming" 11 - year old IM triathletes and double marathoners, seeing as a 13 year old wants to do so? Ah, no. But if irresponsible parents, seeking to live vicariously through thier children, or a misguided grab for "money and fame" attempt to go that route, the