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18 Replies Last post: Oct 20, 2007 12:13 AM by AKTrail   1 2 Previous Next
Click to view bizenyaki's profile Pro 96 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
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Oct 11, 2007 10:20 AM

Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?

I just started reading the only Lydiard book the Toronto Public Library has - Endurance Training for Masters, and early on, he's arguing that efficient running form means lifting your thigh essentially parallel to the ground (if I read that right).

This seems in direct contradition to most everything else I've ever read - that high knee lifts are good for sprinting, but for endurance running, high lifts waste too much energy - you should be lifting you knees enough to ensure that your foot clears the ground - no more.

Before I put myself through the stress of trying this out for myself, does anyone else have any insight into this? Did I read Lydiard wrong?

Thanks,


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Click to view runninirish's profile Legend 233 posts since
Feb 26, 2007
1. Oct 11, 2007 10:22 AM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
Lydiard stresses the high knee lift/parallel to the ground when doing hill springing/bounding...perhaps you were reading that? I've only read one Lydiard book...so I am no expert.

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Click to view runawayjesse's profile Legend 538 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
2. Oct 11, 2007 11:17 AM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
I read most of Lydiards books. From my understanding he explains you practice high knee lifts as an EXERCISE. This is done in the form of striding and what he terms "sprint training" also in the hill phase as mentioned.

He goes on to describe the importance of this exercise even for distances as long as the marathon. He says that late in the race you need to be still getting the knees up so and the hills phase provides the strength endurance training(ok strength endurance is my term but thats what he meant).

He goes on to describe running technique in his 95 book. He explains that lifting the knee high and bringing the heel closer to the but shortens the lever resulting in a faster leg swing. This is necessary for faster running. Even though running slower you might not lift it as high the exercise teaches good running form(trus me it works).

Now in his 82 book where he talks about the marathon he goes on to say this(in his words)-
Do not exaggerate your knee lift. from the start try to relax and not lift the knees higher than necessary. You must save the muscles that lift your legs."
Click to view Nobby063's profile Legend 630 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
3. Dec 26, 2007 6:51 AM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
quote:<HR>Originally posted by bizenyaki:
I just started reading the only Lydiard book the Toronto Public Library has - Endurance Training for Masters, and early on, he's arguing that efficient running form means lifting your thigh essentially parallel to the ground (if I read that right).

This seems in direct contradition to most everything else I've ever read - that high knee lifts are good for sprinting, but for endurance running, high lifts waste too much energy - you should be lifting you knees enough to ensure that your foot clears the ground - no more.

Before I put myself through the stress of trying this out for myself, does anyone else have any insight into this? Did I read Lydiard wrong?

Thanks,


<HR>


My first thought was that you read it hastily. I went back and read the technique chapter of the book and, you are right, he did say that the knee should come up near horizontal (unless he said it otherwise elsewhere in that book). He is wrong for saying what he said the way he said it in that particular book. I should check other books (but I didn't) but I do know that elsewhere, at clinics for example, he has said, and this is what he meant, that "speed is produced by baiscally two things; longer strides and faster strides. If you bring your knees high, close to the hotizontal to the ground, you'll get the optimum stride length AND stride speed; therefore faster running speed." And he went on to say something like "of course, you bring your knees RELATIVE TO THE SPEED AT WHICH YOU"LL BE RUNNING." In other words, he said in his Osaka lecture page 12 (http://www.lydiardfoundation.org/pdfs/al_lecture.pdf) "...you are not going to run a marathon with high knees, but by exaggerating things and drilling, you start to get the correct running action."

I was just watching the Osaka World Championships women's marathon--Ndreba doesn't seem to bring her knees high at all! The Chinese had this shuffling action... But Tosa really seemed to bring her knees quite high. I know she does lots of step running to get the technique right--her idea is to get the body position and movement right so she would start to "roll upward". You really cannot do that without lifting your knees ADEQUATELY high.

Biomechanics is one field, perhaps along with high altitude training, that Lydiard really didn't have much exposure. Well, I'll take it back. He understood correct running technique--mainly learnt from Bud Winter as well as other coaches like Cerutty (not directly!). Actually, until you start to really dig deep, there's not much to it--you run upright, bring your knees high, swing your arms straight... It is relatively simple movement, yet most people don't practice to acquire it. Of course, recently, particularly with the development of synthetic track surface, running technique HAS changed slightly though basic principles still remain. My understanding is that, particularly with sprinting, main focus now is not so much "pushing" but "pulling" the ground backward. Many runners, Gatlin, Powell, Greene and even Frankie Fredricks come to mind, seemingly almost lean backward; they lift their knees very high and don't even leave much time for the trailing leg to "lag". They have powerful hamstrings to "pull" the ground backwards and quickly bring their knees up front. However, I don't see middle distance and distance runners ever run their event this way. Our main focus still would be "pushing the ground backward" so you roll forward. Good knee lift would contribute in a way that (1) you can simply drop the foot downward instead of reaching forward, creating braking action and (2) provide quicker leg turn over by creating shorter lever.

I had an interesting conversation with this "biomechanic expert" in Japan 2 years ago. Japan has moved rapidly toward hip flexors, bringing knees up instead of "kicking the ground back" type of technique. I always wondered, with this, how and where Lydiard's hill training would fit in... Arthur always talked about "ankle flexibility". So do you actually "kick" the ground still; or is it an old-fashion technique??? His answer was interesting; he said absolutely not (hill training no good; ankle flexitility old-fashion). Maybe the way Arthur put it might not be completely correct; but by performing the very exercises Lydiard prescribed, you WOULD achieve exactly what you need to acquire. In other words, you may do the bounding (http://www.lydiardfoundation.org/training/hilltrainingdvd.html), but you ARE pulling your legs forward. In other words, it's not so much of how he put it; but what that particular exercise would achieve that counts. And these exercises are still as up-to-date as can be. He later sent me a magazine with his article in it. He explained that he uses uphill bounding and step running quite extensively.

Sorry for the self-promotion! But the guy who's doing the bounding (there are 3 of us) in the video is me! ;o) I was quite out of shape and perhaps 15~20 pounds overweight at the time though...

http://This message has been edited by Nobby (edited Oct-11-2007).
Click to view Nobby063's profile Legend 630 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
4. Oct 11, 2007 12:35 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
PS: One more thing; quite arogantly, in most of his writings (not all), Lydiard was usually talking about competition and running fast (even for the marathons or, as you saw, even for older people). That's why he talks about high knees and correct running form and speed development. You are correct; if you just want to shuffle along the marathon in 5 hours (I'm not putting it down and I don't know where you are in terms of performance), the less you bring your knees up, the more energy you conserve.

It IS Lydiard's fault because it almost seems he mixed things up and, even though his attention in the later years shifted quite a bit to recreational runners, once in a while his elitism talk slips out. Quite interestingly, though, I just found out that, with the original joggers that he worked with way back in the 60s; with 20 obese business people all of whom had had a heart attack at least once, the youngest being 50 and the oldest 74, in the end, they were running close to 7-minute-mile pace. I think 8 of these original people run the marathon in somewhere around 3:30 or so. When I see people running the marathon in 4:30 or 5 hours or more, I wonder... I mean, you cannot say that genetics or equipment or anything else contributed to their running so much slower today than before... I will opt to go back to how the program is put together... I digressed a bit here. Sorry.
Click to view Nobby063's profile Legend 630 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
5. Oct 11, 2007 1:50 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
Sorry, guys...me again. From "Running with Lydiard" chapter 3: Speed and the Anaerobic Capacity of Exercise, page 38: "It is important, in all types of running, to have strong quadriceps to maintain good knee lift right through the distance you are running. KNEE LIFT IS RELATIVE TO THE SPEED AT WHICH YOU ARE RUNNING. A marathon runner will not run with a noticeably high knee action but he or she should be able to keep bringing the knees up much higher, not only because it stretches the stride but because it shortens the lever and gets the feet through high and fast for those seconds in which the runner wants the maximum output from his or her body."
Click to view runawayjesse's profile Legend 538 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
6. Oct 11, 2007 4:50 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
In addition to everything said I would just like to note that doing the hill exercises often enough will fix your stride without even forcing anything. Your knees start to come up higher even when you jog without any extra effort. Since the lever is shorter the result is a faster more efficient stride. The hills are my favorite part of the program.
Click to view kimber45caliber@yahoo.com's profile Legend 409 posts since
Oct 20, 2007
7. Oct 13, 2007 9:47 AM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
Nobby, thanks for your in-depth explanation. I am a very new runner, having started in July. I'm also a very slow runner. I am trying to work within the framework of LHR and that keeps me even slower.
I am a shuffler. I shuffle my feet when I walk and I tend to shuffle along when I run. I do think about my form as I run - shoulders, hips, hands and how my foot strikes the ground. I think I'm hitting mid-sole. I've wondered about his shuffling when I run. When I lift my knees higher, I tend to bounce and my HR goes higher. And then of course I end up fatigued which leads me to shuffle even worse.
Should I expect to shuffle as long as I'm running at a 14-15 minute pace? I finished the C25K and am finishing week 5 of Hal Higdon Novice Supreme. It seems to be a good plan for slowly increasing my mileage. I have no plan to run a marathon this year. I'm simply using it for a guide. I don't do well without a plan, lol.
But, back to my question. Should I worry about knee lift right now? Or will that improve as I develop speed?
You made this comment -
That's why he talks about high knees and correct running form and speed development. You are correct; if you just want to shuffle along the marathon in 5 hours (I'm not putting it down and I don't know where you are in terms of performance), the less you bring your knees up, the more energy you conserve.
And it made me wonder if maybe I shouldn't be shuffling so much. I would like to possibly run a marathon in 2009. And I want to make sure I'm not starting out with bad habits. btw, I'm female and soon to be 49 yrs old if that makes any difference.
Thanks for any suggestions
Click to view AKTrail's profile Legend 360 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
8. Oct 13, 2007 3:47 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
quote:<HR>Originally posted by kimber45:
Nobby, thanks for your in-depth explanation. I am a very new runner, having started in July. I'm also a very slow runner. I am trying to work within the framework of LHR and that keeps me even slower.
I am a shuffler. I shuffle my feet when I walk and I tend to shuffle along when I run. I do think about my form as I run - shoulders, hips, hands and how my foot strikes the ground. I think I'm hitting mid-sole. I've wondered about his shuffling when I run. When I lift my knees higher, I tend to bounce and my HR goes higher. And then of course I end up fatigued which leads me to shuffle even worse.
Should I expect to shuffle as long as I'm running at a 14-15 minute pace?
<HR>

Just a general comment. IMHO, for new runners esp. those approaching 50 and beyond, I would worry more about good form than heart rate, esp. low heart rate. LHR seems to focus more on fat-burning aspects in base whereas other training deals with many aspects of running in base - the entire aerobic range, strength, etc. Whenever something is new to someone, their heart rate is almost always elevated to some extent. Some people can decrease it by running LHR for awhile (like Jesse - leitner, not runaway) while others can decrease it by working on form and higher effort work (like me) becoming more economical, ie. build a more efficient body biomechanically before worrying about fuel.

You might check your cadence to see if you are running close to 170-180 footfalls/min (85-90 touches by right foot). Many beginners find they have a slower cadence - with the time spent airborne going up and down and adding impact. This is aggravated by trying to keep hr low until they get the hang of it. (been there, done that) Some people do run slower cadence and others faster naturally, but it's surprising how many people are in the 180 range. It will feel awkward when you first try it, but slowly introduce it into your running. All changes should be gradual. I'd worry about that first, since that will reduce a lot of impact.


For some people (like myself (60f) and many older people, but not all) low heart rate training has them training at an effort that's below where they'd get many cardio benefits or negligible muscle stimulation (unless I were to walk, but I do that as part of life). A lot depends on where your normal heart rate training zones (frequently approximated by talk test) would be relative to low heart rate training and where you are with running-specific strength to start.

I think some say you start losing muscle mass after about age 35 and it accelerates around 50-55 or so, esp. for women. For me, I find it critical to keep enough muscle stimulation, including strength xt in early base, to be able to run decently. I'm slow anyway and like to run trails, so need to maintain strength and add power - all the time. Use it or lose it.

Part of those drills that I may do include high knee lift, Lydiard hill drills, plyometrics, etc. While I don't run with that high of a knee lift, I do find it helps with form in general and improves power in legs. If tired, I resort to shuffling (barely clearing the surface), but most of the time I have to lift my feet high enough to clear trail obstacles, leaves, and snow. I do find that if I lift my knees more on flats, I do go faster and hr goes up. I can really feel the faster pendulum swing by not having feet down as far. But there's an energy balance between the effort to pick knees up that far and the speed benefits. I just keep it in aerobic zones. An interesting side light is that if I'm doing high-end aerobic (tempoish) work on trails, I trip less and run much more cleanly.


FWIW, I started structured running when I was 53F (when I first looked at Maffetone, but never followed it for many reasons, which are still valid)) about 6.5 years ago. A couple years ago when we had a lot of ice, I did try to revert to LHR training, since that was all the faster I could negotiate the patches anyway, but that was a major disaster for me. I've had better luck using more general training (Lydiard style) and adding strength and power work as I could handle it, rather than low hr. My PT had also diagnosed several muscle weaknesses and imbalances, so in my case, I definitely need to work at effort levels that make the most sense for my goals and weaknesses. But that's me. I'm just throwing that out for consideration of training approaches. I seldom do much besides base stuff with some minimal race prep work (specific for my trail races, not the traditional peaking).
Click to view NYCross's profile Pro 191 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
10. Oct 13, 2007 10:03 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
Nobby, I'm just wondering why you feel inclined to apologize for Lydiard's "elitism" and "arrogance". Is it no longer alright to have training advice and information intended for competitive runners rather than anyone who puts on a pair of running shoes?
Click to view kimber45caliber@yahoo.com's profile Legend 409 posts since
Oct 20, 2007
11. Oct 13, 2007 10:09 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
Thanks AKTrail. I really appreciate your in-put.
I am a little confused about cadence. Are you saying it should be around 180? I have no idea what it is but I'll certainly be counting it the next time I run.
Click to view AKTrail's profile Legend 360 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
12. Oct 14, 2007 1:06 AM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
quote:<HR>Originally posted by kimber45:
Thanks AKTrail. I really appreciate your in-put.
I am a little confused about cadence. Are you saying it should be around 180? I have no idea what it is but I'll certainly be counting it the next time I run.
<HR>

Yes - about 180. You might try counting it a few times and be sure to run naturally. Sometimes people pick up the cadence when counting.

On a related note, Owen Anderson (RRN vol 23, issue 6) cites a Finnish study about how distance runners increase speed using both stride and cadence up to a point, then mostly cadence after that -
http://www.rrnews.com/Publication_Details.php[/URL" target="_blank">
I haven't read the original article, but it is consistent with other things I've read.
Click to view Nobby063's profile Legend 630 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
13. Oct 14, 2007 1:22 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
quote:<HR>Originally posted by NYCross:
Nobby, I'm just wondering why you feel inclined to apologize for Lydiard's "elitism" and "arrogance". Is it no longer alright to have training advice and information intended for competitive runners rather than anyone who puts on a pair of running shoes? <HR>


I:m in Tokyo right now and my hotel doesn:t have wireless service and this computer at a cyber cafe sucks so I won:t write a lot. But just for this one--I didn:t mean to apologize for the elitism talk; but it does get things confursed if he didn:t explain things clearly. While the same principles apply, application and `delivery` can be quite different. I coached my wife and she ran about 25 miles a week and I call that Lydiard. I coach this young lady on about 30 miles a week but it:s totally different program and it:s still Lydiard. I would prescribe 50/50 for this lady; but I wouldn:t to my wife. If I write a book, or explain about their training,?@I would try to explain why. Arthur used to get questions from Olympians as well as 4-hour marathon people. He would explain things slightly differently though both of them would be on the same Lydiardism principles; but they should be delivered differently. Arthur was well aware of that; but when he wrote books, sometimes they got mixed up. And most people take what he wrote too literally and complain. If he really expected a 4-hour marathon runner to bring his knees paralell to the ground, then he:s not really a good coach.
Click to view runbill's profile Expert 51 posts since
Dec 14, 2007
14. Oct 14, 2007 8:31 PM in response to: bizenyaki
Re: Knee lift: Lydiard vs. the rest of the world?
This is a very interesting article from NYT. If I understand it, the general point is that changing your form will probably not improve efficiency.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/11/fashion/11Best.html?ref=sports[/URL" target="_blank">