From what I've read, coffee before running actually improves performance modestly. That's why so many gels, etc., have caffeine in them. I'm not aware of any negative effects on recovery.
Bigapplepie is right, the current medical consensus to my knowledge is that coffee isn't much of a diuretic, although I take that finding with a grain of salt since it runs somewhat counter to my personal experience.
If you drink a lot, you'll get caffeine withdrawal if you stop (headaches, etc.), and it could in some cases give you heart palpitations, but I don't think those are actually known to be risky. Just scary.
Of course, lots of caffeine is lethal. I bet 20 shots of espresso at once would kill most people immediately. But that's neither here nor there.