i agree with ljwoodw. all my pr's from distances from 1 mile to the marathon came when training for marathons. the biggest single factor was increasing my mileage substanstialy. i had been running for about 8 years and and slowly lowered my PR's, with better training to an exent, but probably mostly from consistency and the cumulative effect . i had been doing 2 marathons a year for the most part during those years. at that point i decided to stop doing marathons and concentrate on shorter distances to see if could get some of the PR's down even more. i added in more speework and cut back the longer runs and what happened was actually the opposite effect of what i expected to happen, i wasn't even able to match my PR's. i did this for two years wth the same results. at this point i sort of resigned myelf to the fact that age had probably started to catch up with me (i had started running at 40) and would probably not see faster times again. but in a last desperate attempt i decided to up my mileage considerably to see what would happen (training in the past had mostly been in the 45-55 mile range), figured i had nothing really to lose.
surprisingly i saw some almost immediate results. ran a hilly 25K within 3 months of starting higher mileage traing that i had run a number of times before (and the last two times i had run it with very similar results, and was happy with them) and set a 3 minute PR, much to my shock. figured i might be onto something with the higher mileage thing (only took me 8 years of running to figure it out...) so continued on with that tact. month and half later i set a a 1/2 marathon PR by 2 minutes....and from then on i set big PR's, as i mentioned, from the mile up to the marathon (decided i might as well take a crack at the distance again, resulting in 12 minute PR the first time trying) within a 2 years time frame.
i don't really think that 10K, 1/2 marathon or marathon training is all that different, and as ljwoodw states with maybe just a little more concentration as big race comes nearer. a favorite sharpening workout of mine for the 10K is a 5 or 6 x 1 mile workout with a failrly short recovery in-between. that's a good marathon workout in my mind as well. as is a 14 mile progession type run that i would do for marathon training be a great strengh workout for a 10K. even the mile PR came about 2 months after running a marathon, i just added 4 or 5 sharpening workouts that were more mile specific.
i am an advocate of the multi-tier aproach to training, touching all the bases throughout your training, which can set you up for very good tmes at all distances.
as an aside to hermosbay, i did a very similar type run as you 22 miler. i slighty modified a Khalid Khannouchi long run that i had read about. i did 3 miles warmup, 7 miles at goal MP plus 15 seconds a mile, then 10 at goal MP, then finished on a track with 2 miles at tempo pace. hardest training run i have ever done, i was doubled up at the track after that one. but by completing it successfully it me gave the mental confidence to go for my goal pace on marathon day. i do have a question about your run, where those middle miles really at MP plus 20%, or i am reading it wrong or missing something? maybe the 20% is the cumulative for the those miles over MP, not 20% per mile? otherewise seems quite slow to me, more like your easy warmup pace.