Sharp pain in the metatarsal area is often due to a neuroma, an inflamed area of thickened tissue around a nerve trapped betwen the metatarsals. The pain is severe enough to be misdiagnosed as a stress fracture, which is difficult to see on an x-ray until it has begun to heal, at which time a chosen form of therapy has often begun.
Your recent increase in mileage is reason enough to have developed one or more, even though you have been a runner for years. There are many ways of dealing with neuromas, from strategically placed pads to injections to surgery, but we are not sure at this point if a neuroma is responsible for your pain. I think the possibility should be explored by your MD, but in the meantime you can compare notes with others in this popular thread...
http://community.active.com/thread/35089/mortons-neuroma-argh/0/0